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China’s policy framework for carbon capture, utilization and storage: Review, analysis, and outlook

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 400-411 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0862-z

摘要： Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is estimated to contribute substantial CO₂ emission reduction to carbon neutrality in China. There is yet a large gap between such enormous demand and the current capacity, and thus a sound enabling environment with sufficient policy support is imperative for CCUS development. This study reviewed 59 CCUS-related policy documents issued by the Chinese government as of July 2022, and found that a supporting policy framework for CCUS is taking embryonic form in China. More than ten departments of the central government have involved CCUS in their policies, of which the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), and the Ministry of Ecological Environment (MEE) have given the greatest attention with different focuses. Specific policy terms are further analyzed following the method of content analysis and categorized into supply-, environment- and demand-type policies. The results indicate that supply-type policies are unbalanced in policy objectives, as policy terms on technology research and demonstration greatly outnumber those on other objectives, and the attention to weak links and industrial sectors is far from sufficient. Environment-type policies, especially legislations, standards, and incentives, are inadequate in pertinence and operability. Demand-type policies are absent in the current policy system but is essential to drive the demand for the CCUS technology in domestic and foreign markets. To meet the reduction demand of China’s carbon neutral goal, policies need to be tailored according to needs of each specific technology and implemented in an orderly manner with well-balanced use on multiple objectives.

关键词： carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) policy content analysis China

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Linking renewables and fossil fuels with carbon capture via energy storage for a sustainable energy future

Dawid P. Hanak, Vasilije Manovic

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期页码 453-459 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1892-2

摘要： Renewable energy sources and low-carbon power generation systems with carbon capture and storage (CCS) are expected to be key contributors towards the decarbonisation of the energy sector and to ensure sustainable energy supply in the future. However, the variable nature of wind and solar power generation systems may affect the operation of the electricity system grid. Deployment of energy storage is expected to increase grid stability and renewable energy utilisation. The power sector of the future, therefore, needs to seek a synergy between renewable energy sources and low-carbon fossil fuel power generation. This can be achieved via wide deployment of CCS linked with energy storage. Interestingly, recent progress in both the CCS and energy storage fields reveals that technologies such as calcium looping are technically viable and promising options in both cases. Novel integrated systems can be achieved by integrating these applications into CCS with inherent energy storage capacity, as well as linking other CCS technologies with renewable energy sources via energy storage technologies, which will maximise the profit from electricity production, mitigate efficiency and economic penalties related to CCS, and improve renewable energy utilisation.

关键词： carbon capture energy storage renewable energy sources decarbonisation fossil fuels

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Lifecycle carbon footprint and cost assessment for coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, storage

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 412-427 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0879-3

摘要： The coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology has the potential to reduce CO₂ emissions, but its carbon footprint and cost assessment are still insufficient. In this paper, coal mining to oil production is taken as a life cycle to evaluate the carbon footprint and levelized costs of direct-coal-to-liquid and indirect-coal-to-liquid coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology under three scenarios: non capture, process capture, process and public capture throughout the life cycle. The results show that, first, the coupling carbon capture utilization and storage technology can reduce CO₂ footprint by 28%–57% from 5.91 t CO₂/t·oil of direct-coal-to-liquid and 24%–49% from 7.10 t CO₂/t·oil of indirect-coal-to-liquid. Next, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 648–1027 $/t of oil, whereas that of indirect-coal-to-liquid is 653–1065 $/t of oil. When coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 285–1364 $/t of oil, compared to 1101–9793 $/t of oil for indirect-coal-to-liquid. Finally, sensitivity analysis shows that CO₂ transportation distance has the greatest impact on carbon footprint, while coal price and initial investment cost significantly affect the levelized cost of coal-to-liquid.

关键词： coal-to-liquid carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) carbon footprint levelized cost of liquid lifecycle assessment

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An adaptive policy-based framework for China’s Carbon Capture and Storage development

Xiaoliang YANG, Wolfgang HEIDUG, Douglas COOKE

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第1期页码 78-86 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0003-x

摘要：

China’s political leadership has taken an increasingly public and proactive stance on climate change since 2014. This stance includes making a commitment that Chinese carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions will peak around 2030 and enacting measures through the 13th Five-Year Plan to support energy efficiency, clean energy technology, and carbon management. Chinese policymakers consider carbon capture and storage (CCS) a critical bridging technology to help accelerate the decarbonization of its economy. This paper reviews and analyzes Chinese CCS support policies from the perspective of an adaptive policymaking framework, recognizing uncertainty as an inherent element of the policymaking process and drawing general lessons for responding to changing circumstances. Notably, the political support for CCS in China remains fragmented with uncoordinated government leadership, undecided industry players, and even with opposing voices from some leading scientists. There is scope for expanding the framework to provide more granularity, in particular relating to the development of a CCS infrastructure and the development of storage-focused CO2-EOR. Overall, given the role CCS can play to decarbonize China’s power and other industrial sectors, a commitment to CCS from top policymakers and major stakeholders is needed.

关键词： CCS policy climate change China

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CCS，CCUS，CCRS，CMC系统集成

金涌,朱兵,胡山鹰,洪丽云

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第8期页码 49-55

摘要：

二氧化碳捕集—封存、生产生活中的节能减排和可再生能源的开发是实施低碳经济的三个核心举措。近年来提出的碳捕集—利用—封存和碳捕集—再利用—封存是更为积极的CO2减排应对策略。人类在未来必须要把宝贵的碳元素同时作为资源和能源载体循环利用，进行全程管理。

关键词：低碳经济碳捕集—封存碳捕集—利用—封存碳捕集—再利用—封存碳的全程管理

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二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存技术 Perspectives

林青阳, 张霄, 王涛, 郑成航, 高翔

《工程（英文）》 2022年第14卷第7期页码 27-32 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.12.013

摘要：

人类活动造成的二氧化碳（CO₂ ）排放是引起全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一。绝大部分二氧化碳的排放来源于化石燃料燃烧，以及钢铁和水泥生产等工业过程。二氧化碳的排放会导致气候变化，而二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）是一种可持续性技术，在减排方面具有前景。从这个角度而言，二氧化碳捕集着重于化学吸收技术，主要原因在于其商业化潜力。本文对各种化学溶剂吸收二氧化碳的能力和速率进行了总结。二氧化碳的利用重点在于电化学转化途径，即将二氧化碳转化为具有潜在价值的化学品，这一途径已经备受关注。通过不同二氧化碳减排产品的法拉第转换效率，可对效率的改善情况进行说明。为了成功应用二氧化碳封存技术，需要更好地了解流体力学、地质力学以及反应运移，本文将详细讨论这几点。

关键词：二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存二氧化碳捕集二氧化碳利用二氧化碳封存化学吸收电化学转化封存机制

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我国碳捕集利用与封存技术发展研究

张贤,李阳,马乔,刘玲娜

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第6期页码 70-80 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.06.004

摘要：

碳捕集利用与封存（ CCUS）是实现碳中和目标不可或缺的重要技术选择。为了系统梳理技术发展现状、明确未来发展方向，本文对我国 CCUS 技术水平、示范进展、成本效益、潜力需求等进行了全面评估。我国 CCUS 技术发展迅速，与国际整体发展水平相当，目前处于工业化示范阶段，但部分关键技术落后于国际先进水平。在工业示范方面，我国具备了大规模捕集利用与封存的工程能力，但在项目规模、技术集成、海底封存、工业应用等方面与国际先进水平还存在差距。在减排潜力与需求方面，我国理论封存容量和行业减排需求极大，考虑源汇匹配之后不同地区陆上封存潜力差异较大。在成本效益方面，尽管当前 CCUS 技术成本较高，但未来可有效降低实现碳中和目标的整体减排成本。为此建议，加快构建 CCUS 技术体系，推进全链条集成示范，加快管网布局和基础设施建设，完善财税激励政策和法律法规体系。

关键词：碳中和，CCUS，技术研发与示范，减排潜力，成本与效益

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离岸碳捕集利用与封存技术体系研究

李姜辉,李鹏春,李彦尊,童峰

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第2期页码 173-186 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.015

摘要：

离岸碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）技术是沿海国家或地区通过工程方式为实现CO₂减排而发展起来的解决方案与技术体系；相对于陆上CCUS技术，具有潜在封存空间广阔、封存安全等诸多优势。离岸CCUS技术指从沿海大型或近海碳排放源捕集CO₂，加压并运输至离岸封存平台后注入海底地质储层中，实现CO₂与大气永久隔离或利用其生产价值产品的过程。本文概要回顾了全球及我国离岸CCUS技术的发展需求与产业现状，分析了发展离岸CCUS的技术性和社会性价值；梳理总结了代表性的离岸CCUS技术发展路线及其态势，如CO₂工厂捕集、CO₂管道运输、CO₂海底咸水层封存与驱油利用、CO₂化学利用以及其他技术架构。着眼不同技术创新方向面临的共性问题，提出我国离岸CCUS领域未来发展建议：注重陆海统筹战略规划和布局，培养高水平研究团队，加强各发展阶段的基础研究、核心技术研发、成本控制、规模增扩和政策激励等。

关键词：离岸碳捕集、利用与封存；CO2捕集；CO2运输；CO2封存；CO2利用；沿海地区；近海沉积盆地

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Achievements, challenges and global implications of China’s carbon neutral pledge

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1532-9

摘要： China has been committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. China’s pledge of carbon neutrality will play an essential role in galvanising global climate action, which has been largely deferred by the Covid-19 pandemic. China’s carbon neutrality could reduce global warming by approximately 0.2–0.3 °C and save around 1.8 million people from premature death due to air pollution. Along with domestic benefits, China’s pledge of carbon neutrality is a “game-changer” for global climate action and can inspire other large carbon emitters to contribute actively to mitigate carbon emissions, particularly countries along the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) routes. In order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, it is necessary to decarbonise all sectors in China, including energy, industry, transportation, construction, and agriculture. However, this transition will be very challenging, because major technological breakthroughs and large-scale investments are required. Strong policies and implementation plans are essential, including sustainable demand, decarbonizing electricity, electrification, fuel switching, and negative emissions. In particular, if China can peak carbon emissions earlier, it can lower the costs of the carbon neutral transition and make it easier to do so over a longer time horizon. China’s pledge of carbon neutrality by 2060 and recent pledges at the 26^th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) are significant contributions and critical steps for global climate action. However, countries worldwide need to achieve carbon neutrality to keep the global temperature from growing beyond the level that will cause catastrophic damages globally.

关键词： Carbon neutrality Carbon peak Renewable energy Negative emission Carbon capture Utilisation and storage Nature-based solution

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A systemic review of hydrogen supply chain in energy transition

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 102-122 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0861-0

摘要： Targeting the net-zero emission (NZE) by 2050, the hydrogen industry is drastically developing in recent years. However, the technologies of hydrogen upstream production, midstream transportation and storage, and downstream utilization are facing obstacles. In this paper, the development of hydrogen industry from the production, transportation and storage, and sustainable economic development perspectives were reviewed. The current challenges and future outlooks were summarized consequently. In the upstream, blue hydrogen is dominating the current hydrogen supply, and an implementation of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) can raise its cost by 30%. To achieve an economic feasibility, green hydrogen needs to reduce its cost by 75% to approximately 2 /kg at the large scale. The research progress in the midterm sector is still in a preliminary stage, where experimental and theoretical investigations need to be conducted in addressing the impact of embrittlement, contamination, and flammability so that they could provide a solid support for material selection and large-scale feasibility studies. In the downstream utilization, blue hydrogen will be used in producing value-added chemicals in the short-term. Over the long-term, green hydrogen will dominate the market owing to its high energy intensity and zero carbon intensity which provides a promising option for energy storage. Technologies in the hydrogen industry require a comprehensive understanding of their economic and environmental benefits over the whole life cycle in supporting operators and policymakers.

关键词： hydrogen production hydrogen transportation and storage hydrogen economy carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology assessment

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单乙醇胺碳捕集工艺大规模工业化应用：提高非平衡级速率模型的预测精度

罗小波,Wang Meihong

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第2期页码 232-243 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.02.001

摘要：

对于减少化石能源发电厂和其他能源密集型过程的人为二氧化碳(CO₂) 的排放，碳捕集和储存(CCS)技术将发挥至关重要的作用。然而, 由于装备CO₂捕集装置而导致的成本增加是其大规模工业化应用的主要障碍。为减少碳捕集装置的一次性投资费用和后续操作费用，大量的研究通过流程建模、仿真和优化来实现该过程的优化设计和优化操作。为此，准确的模型是必不可少的基础。本文论述了关于通过升级参数和多级模型验证来开发一个更精确的基于乙醇胺碳捕集过程的非平衡级速率模型。本文首先分析了该过程速率模型的建模框架。采用Aspen Plus® 软件开发此过程的稳态模型，并且在三个模拟阶段对较宽范围的压力，温度和CO₂ 载荷进行了模型验证，包括热力学建模、物性计算和中试规模工艺模拟。采用在Aspen Plus® 中编写Fortran 子程序升级了液相密度和气液相接触面积计算的关联参数。模型验证结果表明，本文中采用的新的关联参数组合的热力学模型比其他三个经典模型具有更高的精度，而且试验规模的流程模拟结果和实验数据吻合很好。随后本文采用这一模型对一个250 MW 的联合循环燃气发电厂的碳捕集工艺过程设计进行了案例研究，并和另一文献进行了对比，本文的设计降低了吸收塔和解析塔的填料高度并减少了CO₂特征热负荷。

关键词：过程模拟模型验证单乙醇胺 CO₂ 捕集联合燃气发电厂碳捕集和存储

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碳捕集利用与封存中的金属腐蚀问题研究：进展与挑战

向勇 ,原玉 ,周佩 ,刘广胜 ,吕伟 ,李明星 ,张春霞 ,周庆军 ,赵雪会 ,闫伟

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第3期页码 197-208 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.026

摘要：

深入研究碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）技术中的金属腐蚀问题产生的机理和影响，对有效应对和解决捕集、运输、利用与封存系统中存在的材料腐蚀失效问题至关重要，为此，本文对CCUS技术存在的金属腐蚀问题研究进展及挑战进行了综述。本文基于CCUS技术各系统腐蚀环境新颖、腐蚀行为特殊、认知程度有限、防护手段相对匮乏等情况，结合CCUS各系统中的腐蚀环境特点，分析了可能存在的金属腐蚀类型及其主要影响因素，并对其带来的挑战进行了梳理，得出了以下主要结论：对于有机胺捕集系统，吸收剂降解机理及降解产物对腐蚀过程的影响较为复杂，部分降解产物对金属腐蚀有抑制作用；密相CO2输送管道的内腐蚀问题不容忽视，控制水分含量是控制该腐蚀问题的关键；CO2驱油利用与封存系统井筒管材在超高CO2分压、碳源杂质、高矿化度地层水、微生物和应力等多因素的长周期耦合作用下，出现腐蚀失效导致CO2泄露的风险很高。最后，本文对未来需迫切开展的研究方向进行了展望，包括不同碳源杂质对各子系统的腐蚀影响研究、长期封存条件下井筒区域材料降解规律研究以及CCUS系统腐蚀防护技术研究等。

关键词：碳捕集、利用与封存；碳源杂质；腐蚀环境特点；腐蚀影响因素；超临界CO2

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Reduction potential of the energy penalty for CO capture in CCS

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 390-399 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0864-x

摘要： CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) has been acknowledged as an essential part of a portfolio of technologies that are required to achieve cost-effective long-term CO₂ mitigation. However, the development progress of CCS technologies is far behind the targets set by roadmaps, and engineering practices do not lead to commercial deployment. One of the crucial reasons for this delay lies in the unaffordable penalty caused by CO₂ capture, even though the technology has been commonly recognized as achievable. From the aspects of separation and capture technology innovation, the potential and promising direction for solving this problem were analyzed, and correspondingly, the possible path for deployment of CCS in China was discussed. Under the carbon neutral target recently proposed by the Chinese government, the role of CCS and the key milestones for deployment were indicated.

关键词： CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) CO₂ separation energy penalty

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Techno-economic comparison of three technologies for pre-combustion CO

Simon Roussanaly, Monika Vitvarova, Rahul Anantharaman, David Berstad, Brede Hagen, Jana Jakobsen, Vaclav Novotny, Geir Skaugen

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期页码 436-452 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1870-8

摘要： This paper compares the techno-economic performances of three technologies for CO capture from a lignite-based IGCC power plant located in the Czech Republic: (1) Physical absorption with a Rectisol-based process; (2) Polymeric CO -selective membrane-based capture; (3) Low-temperature capture. The evaluations show that the IGCC plant with CO capture leads to costs of electricity between 91 and 120 €·MWh , depending on the capture technology employed, compared to 65 €·MWh for the power plant without capture. This results in CO avoidance costs ranging from 42 to 84 €· , mainly linked to the losses in net power output. From both energy and cost points of view, the low-temperature and Rectisol based CO capture processes are the most efficient capture technologies. Furthermore, partial CO capture appears as a good mean to ensure early implementation due to the limited increase in CO avoidance cost when considering partial capture. To go beyond the two specific CO -selective membranes considered, a cost/membrane property map for CO -selective membranes was developed. This map emphasise the need to develop high performance membrane to compete with solvent technology. Finally, the cost of the whole CCS chain was estimated at 54 €· once pipeline transport and storage are taken into consideration.

关键词： carbon capture and storage (CCS) techno-economic comparison pre-combustion capture physical solvent low-temperature capture

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Application of membrane separation technology in post-combustion carbon dioxide capture process

Mo LI,Xiaobin JIANG,Gaohong HE

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 233-239 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1408-z

摘要： Membrane separation technology is a possible breakthrough in post-combustion carbon dioxide capture process. This review first focuses on the requirements for CO separation membrane, and then outlines the existing competitive materials, promising preparation methods and processes to achieve desirable CO selectivity and permeability. A particular emphasis is addressed on polyimides, poly (ethylene oxide), mixed-matrix membrane, thermally-rearranged polymer, fixed site carrier membrane, ionic liquid membrane and electrodialysis process. The advantages and drawbacks of each of materials and methods are discussed. Research threads and methodology of CO separation membrane and the key issue in this area are concluded

关键词： membranes carbon dioxide capture separation polymers post-combustion